Ardino architecture iot

 


Introduction to Arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that is simple to use with hardware and software.
Arduino boards can read inputs like sensor signals, button press, or data, and convert them into outputs such as LED glowing, motor activation, or publishing data online.
The Arduino Uno can be powered by USB connection or an external power supply, and it selects the source automatically.

Features

  • Supports fast computations, uses ARM-based MCU.
  • Uses AVR micro-controller ATSAMSX8I clock.
  • Operating input voltage is 3.3 Volt.
  • Memory used: EEPROM, SRAM, and Flash memory.
  • Supports USB and UART communication.

Arduino Board (Fig. 5.2.1)



  • Analog reference pin
  • Digital ground
  • Digital pins 2-13
  • Reset Button S1
  • In-Circuit Serial Programmer (ICSP)
  • Analog In Pins 0-5
  • Power and Ground Pins
  • External Power Supply Input (9-12VDC)
  • USB connection
  • Toggle between External Power and USB Power

Digital Pins

  • Can be used for input and output using pinMode(), digitalRead(), digitalWrite().
  • Each pin has an internal pull-up resistor controlled by digitalWrite().
  • Maximum current per pin: 40 mA.
  • Serial pins (0-RX, 1-TX): for TTL serial data communication.
  • External interrupts on pins 2 and 3: triggered by rising, falling, or value change.
  • PWM output pins: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 (8-bit PWM output).
  • SPI communication pins: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK).
  • LED pin 13: Built-in LED connected, ON when pin is HIGH.

Analog Pins

  • Supports 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) with analogRead().
  • Analog pins 0–5 can also be used as digital pins (14–19).
  • I2C communication supported with pins 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL).

Power Pins

  • VIN: Input voltage when using external supply.
  • 5V: Regulated supply to microcontroller and board components.
  • 3V3: 3.3V supply generated on board.
  • GND: Ground pins.
  • AREF: Reference voltage for analog inputs.

Reset

  • Bringing the reset line LOW resets the microcontroller.
  • Extra reset buttons can be added for shields.

Technical Details

  • 14 digital I/O pins (6 used for PWM).
  • Analog input pins.
  • 16 MHz crystal oscillator.
  • USB connection, power jack, ICSP header, reset button.
  • Works with external supply of 6–20V, recommended 7–12V.
  • Below 7V → unstable 5V pin. Above 12V → regulator overheating.

Arduino Uno R3 Programming

  • Programs uploaded using Arduino IDE software.
  • Board has a pre-burned bootloader that allows uploading code directly.
  • Communication via STK500 protocol.
  • Programs can also be uploaded using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) header.

Features of Arduino Board

  • USB interface allows easy connection as a virtual serial port.
  • Uses ATmega328 microcontroller with timers, interrupts, PWM pins, sleep modes.
  • Open-source design with large community support.
  • 16 MHz clock speed suitable for most applications.
  • 32 KB flash memory for code storage.

Applications of Arduino

  • Home Automation: controlling lights, fans, and appliances.
  • IoT Projects: smart devices, sensors, and cloud communication.
  • Robotics: motor control, obstacle detection, line-following robots.
  • Embedded Systems: signal processing and real-time applications.
  • Education: learning tool for electronics and programming.
  • Industrial Applications: automation, data logging, sensor monitoring.





Introduction to Arduino

Features

Arduino Board (Fig. 5.2.1)

Digital Pins

Analog Pins

Power Pins

Reset

Technical Details

Arduino Uno R3 Programming

Features of Arduino Board

Applications of Arduino








Reference 




https://chatgpt.com/share/68a62460-cc80-800f-8da7-435b6c3addc4